Effect of Augmented Reality-Based Training on Nursing Students’ Accuracy in Performing Clinical Procedures in Private and Public Nursing Colleges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65761/pjcr.2026.300Keywords:
Augmented reality, nursing education, clinical procedures, accuracy, quasi-experimental study, PakistanAbstract
Background: Traditional nursing education may provide limited opportunities for repetitive, self-paced clinical practice. Augmented reality (AR) offers immersive, interactive training with real-time guidance, but evidence from Pakistan remains limited.
Objective: To evaluate AR-based training effectiveness in improving clinical procedure accuracy among nursing students.
Methods: A quasi-experimental single-group pre-test post-test design was employed. A total of 250 nursing students were recruited from two nursing colleges (Siddiq Institute of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences Multan and Nishtar Nursing College Multan) using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and a clinical procedure accuracy checklist before and four weeks after the AR-based training intervention. The intervention comprised comprehensive AR-based training sessions covering five core clinical procedures: wound dressing, intramuscular injection, urinary catheterization, endotracheal suctioning, and medication administration. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, employing descriptive statistics and paired t-test.
Results: The mean pre-test knowledge score was 13.28 ± 4.12, which significantly increased to 26.94 ± 3.87 at post-test (t = 28.46, p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean clinical procedure accuracy score improved from 16.42 ± 5.23 pre-intervention to 33.58 ± 4.14 post-intervention (t = 26.73, p < 0.001). The AR-based training intervention demonstrated a highly statistically significant improvement in both knowledge and clinical procedure accuracy among the study participants.
Conclusion: Augmented reality-based training significantly enhances nursing students' knowledge and accuracy in performing clinical procedures. Integrating structured AR-based training programs into nursing curricula is recommended to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and clinical competence, particularly in resource-constrained settings like Pakistan.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Noor Ul Eman, Muqddas Munir, Ayeza Lodhi, Saima Ghafoor
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